Another round of heavy losses rocked the market last week, as stocks were weighed down by a combination of weak earnings, evidence of slowing economic growth, and a Fed that refuses to act. By the close of Friday, the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) and the Nasdaq Composite (COMP) had both shed roughly four percent, while the S&P 500 Index (SPX) tripped 5.4 percent lower and the small-cap Russell 2000 Index (RUT) lost 4.5 percent.
As we look back at the events that conspired to pull stocks lowe, we find a series of weak earnings reports from the financial sector. Citigroup led the pullback as it suffered a wider-than-expected fourth-quarter loss of $1.99 per share, while revenue plunged 70 percent. What's more, the large-cap bank wrote down $18.1 billion during the quarter. Citigroup wasn't alone with its negative news, as J.P. Morgan Chase missed earnings expectations and wrote down $1.3 billion during the previous quarter.
However, weakness on the earnings front wasn't limited to the financial sector. Tech bellwether Intel reported earnings that fell short of expectations and also warned that first-quarter results would come in at the low end of its projections. These weaker-than-expected earnings would seem to indicate that while the tech sector had previously benefited from its immunity to the subprime woes, the tech group is now beginning to suffered under the weight of the broad-market slowdown. Furthermore, earnings estimates remain high for tech, leaving it vulnerable to additional losses.
Meanwhile, the latest economic reports did little to boost the market. The housing market continues to slump, and is showing no evidence of putting in a bottom. In December, new home construction plunged 14 percent, slowing to its weakest pace in more than 16 years. Elsewhere, both the Producer Price Index (PPI) and the Consumer Price Index (CPI) came in roughly as expected by economists, benefiting from a drop in energy prices last month. However, the Fed has already stated that its main concern is not controlling inflation, but the slowing of economic growth, which is spreading across the nation. Both the Philly Fed and the Empire State indices revealed slowing growth in those regions. In fact, the Fed's Beige Book showed that only five of the 12 regions experienced modest growth during the latest reporting period. Finally, retail sales dropped 0.4 percent in December, suffering their first decline in six months.
Yet, as stocks continue to plunge below long-term support levels (a source of major concern) and the bond market continues to discount aggressive cuts in the Fed Funds rate, Ben Bernanke's helicopter remains grounded. His words suggest the Fed will do what needs to be done, but his actions (or lack thereof) continue to suggest inflation and a weaker dollar are a worry. Therefore, we continue to see the Fed as a major wild card here. Aggressive rate cuts are needed sooner rather than later, especially with S&P futures indicated significantly lower as of Monday afternoon and the yield on the two-year note sitting at 2.34 percent as of Friday's close. And if the market doesn't get these aggressive rate cuts, unfortunately, we can expect to see more the same.
As I alluded to above, the major market indices have broken below several key support levels. The Dow Jones has shed nearly nine percent since the start of 2008 and has closed the past two weeks below key support at its 80-week moving average. Furthermore, the Dow has fallen below its 20-month trendline. It has not closed below this trendline since June 2005. However, the Dow is holding above the 12,000 level – a key round-number level that could act as the next layer of support. In addition, the Dow is just above its 2007 low of 11,939, while the 11,750 region is the site of its January 2000 peak. These levels could serve as support for the Dow.
So far, 2008 has seen the SPX retreat 9.8 percent to tag a new annual low, leaving the index poised to finish January below its 20-month trendline for the first time since May 2003. During the past three weeks, the SPX has closed below its 80-week trendline. What's more, the SPX has hit a new low that is lower than the previous year's low of 1,363.98, which is a rare occurrence. In fact, since 1953, this feat has occurred only 12 times. Out of those 12 occurrences, the SPX has been higher 250 days later 66 percent of the time, averaging a gain of 9.2 percent.
Overall, the sharpest losses have been suffered by the COMP, which is down 11.8 percent since the start of the year, and the RUT, which has shed 12.1 percent. The Nasdaq has also fallen below its 20-month moving average while the RUT closed below its 2006 low. The next layer of potential support for the RUT is 650, which is the site of its 60-month moving average, or the equivalent of a five-year moving average. The 650 level was also an intermediate-term peak in January 2005. But an even more important potential area of support is the round 600 level, site of the index's 80-month moving average and its March 2000 and 2004 calendar year peak.
Should the market finally receive the interest-rate cuts it is looking for from the Fed, the upside for the various indices is littered with some hefty resistance levels. The Dow Jones now has to conquer the 12,800 level, which not only marked its February 2007 closing high, but the area also served as support in the pullbacks that occurred in August and November. Meanwhile, the SPX is facing potential resistance at the 1,380 level, which served as support in 2007. Finally, the RUT is faced with staunch round-number resistance at the 700 level.
Following the sharp losses suffered by the broad mark last week, we finally saw the CBOE Market Volatility Index (VIX) pop higher. The so-called "fear gauge" closed the week with a gain of 14.8 percent and is now hovering at levels last seen in late November. Last week also marked the expiration of January VIX options, which may have been working to keep the index compressed during the recent market weakness. The VIX is now approaching highs that coincided with market bottoms in 2007. In fact, the VIX close on Thursday was just shy of its August closing high of 30.83. A higher VIX becomes a plus for the bulls as index put options (portfolio insurance) become more expensive. To the degree that fewer investors use portfolio insurance to hedge, the market is less pressured by the mechanics of this put buying, which involves sellers of those puts shorting index futures to hedge.
Checking in on the various sentiment indicators, we find that we may finally be seeing a shift in sentiment among options players. In last week's Monday Morning Outlook, I commented that "the 10-day moving average of the International Securities Exchange's (ISE) ISEE All-Equity call/put ratio - is not reflecting the degree of bearishness we'd ideally like to see in a rock-bottom situation." Well, it appears that put buyers are moving back into the market. The 10-day moving average of this index has dropped lower and is currently resting at 119, down from last week's reading of 147. While this reading has moved closer to the levels that marked the bottoms in March and August 2007, we have to account for the fact that it still has not hit those lows. Moreover, within the context of the technical deterioration in the market, which was not the case in 2007, new lows in this ratio may be needed before a bottom of some sort is in place. The good news is pessimism among option speculators is finally creeping into the market, but the bad news is a catalyst (like an aggressive Fed rate cut) is needed to unwind the pessimism.
Let's summarize: This is a dangerous environment to be too heavily exposed on both the long and short side of the market. A surprise rate cut could be the catalyst for the unwinding of pessimism that is building up in the marketplace, which would leave the shorts vulnerable. At the same time, there is a lot of uncertainty with the Fed and without aggressive rate cutting, the environment has proven to be dangerous for those to heavy on the long side. We view the options market as a tremendous opportunity during this time, with a healthy balance of call and put positions, as the convexity options offer amid a strong directional environment (either up or down) could pay dividends in the weeks ahead.
Looking ahead to this holiday-shortened week, economic data due for release are extremely light, with only existing home sales slated to hit the Street. However, the earnings calendar remains heavy with several financial companies due to report their results. Furthermore, a number of large-cap tech companies, such as Apple, Texas Instruments, Microsoft, Broadcom, and QUALCOMM, are prepared to report earnings this week, which could add another layer of volatility into the mix.
And now a few sectors of note...
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